...the educational standard, the curriculum, lecture notes, and plans for practical sessions. Materials are presented covering key principles of ecology: habitats, ecological factors and the patterns of their influence, populations, community and ecosystem structures—including their functioning and dynamics—and the biosphere as the realm of life. The text outlines various types of natural resources and addresses the concept of sustainable development, the legal foundations of rational natural resource management, and international environmental protection efforts. Intended for students in non-biological disciplines.