This text examines theoretical and practical issues regarding the impact of the environment on human health and defines the place of ecology within the system of sciences. It presents a classification of key environmental factors and discusses the influence of environmental factors on human health and adaptive mechanisms, including their effects on work, rest, and physical activity regimens. It is intended for students in the following fields of study: 49.03.01 – Physical Culture; 49.03.02 – Physical Culture for Persons with Health Deviations (Adaptive Physical Culture). Recommended for the development of professional competencies in accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education (FGOS VO). Tables: 3. Figures: 4. Bibliography: 39 entries.