This lecture course examines the evolution of the relationship between society and nature, ecological-economic systems and their components, methods for determining economic damage caused by environmental pollution and for the economic valuation of natural resources, externalities and their role in the economics of natural resource use, as well as methods for regulating resource use and assessing the ecological-economic efficiency of investments in environmental protection measures. The publication is intended for students majoring in economics and may also be used for independent study by students in environmental and engineering fields.